This manual was designed as a quick reference for astronomers using the computers on Mauna Kea. It goes through those tasks which they will most likely require during the night or at the end of their run. It includes the assignment of visitor accounts, visitor coordinate lists, displaying images, writing data to tape, bringing your own laptop, the mountain paging system, printing files, IRAF help, and editors. If there is something that has been overlooked, we would greatly appreciate your input (please send comments and suggestions to Lisa Wells, see the email address at the bottom of the page).
The visitor accounts are set up under the run ID number, i.e., c54, h32, f102. The form of the password for your account is found on the white board in the telescope control room or you may ask your support astronomer, or observing assistant. These accounts are set up and maintained by Kanoa Withington. If you have any questions about your account, please address email to kanoa@cfht.hawaii.edu.
Visiting astronomers may bring with them or pull over from their home site via ftp, a coordinate file in the format used by the observing assistant. This will greatly reduce the time spent moving between objects. The form of these files is given by:
nr RA Dec EQ name pmRA pmDecor
1 18:42:48.0 00:06:26.0 2000 "L110-362" 0 0 2 18:43:48.0 00:06:26.0 2000 "L110-362_15E" 0 0 3 18:41:48.0 00:06:26.0 2000 "L110-362_15W" 0 0 4 18:42:48.0 00:11:26.0 2000 "L110-362_7N" 0 0 5 18:43:48.0 00:11:26.0 2000 "L110-362_7N_15E" 6 18:41:48.0 00:11:26.0 2000 "L110-362_7N_15W"The colons are required in the RA and Dec format. You must specify a number for the object followed by the RA, DEC and Epoch. In quotes, specify a name for the object and the last two numbers are optional proper motions in RA and Dec. If they are zero, you may delete these numbers as in the last 2 entries. Inputs for moving targets is done several ways. If you come with the calculated motions in RA and Dec in Arcsecs/sec, then we can directly input those numbers but they do not go into the list above. We also have the option to interpolate between 2 RA and Dec positions (with the LST or UT for the 2 positions) which automatically computes the non-sidereal rates for a moving object.
4: Using Display Windows - ximtool, saoimage, and skycat
This section gives some background information for using the various window displays for viewing images. We will describe some of the most important parameters and how to measure the FWHM of stars using each.
Using ximtool
Open an ximtool window by simply typing ximtool in any window. This can be run in the background if you follow it with an &. Strictly speaking ti is better to open this window from the xterm or xgterm from which you will run IRAF. The Control Panel window may be brought up by clicking on the left most box in the upper right side of the window. Many of the same functions may be used from the drop down menus under View and Options. Under the File menu, you may use the Load option to bring up a window which will direct you to the proper directory to display an image in the window. Also, you may use the IRAF display task.
cl> display (imagename) (framenumber) cl> display 098744o.fits 1or
cl> display 098744o.fits 1 fill+Where (framenumber) is the integer frame number (1 through 4). Ximtool has 4 frames in which to load images for ease of blinking between frames. The fill+ in the second example tells IRAF to display the whole image in the display window even if the size definition is not set properly. Check the setting of the stdimage parameter in IRAF by typing show stdimage. If it is set to a value smaller than the image which you are trying to display then you may set it using:
cl> set stdimage=(imtool definition) cl> set stdimage=imt1024A listing of all the possible settings for this parameter are found in Appendix A or by typing gdevices in IRAF. Hold down the right mouse button, and move the cursor to change the display transfer function. Once displayed the imexamine task is used to determine the FWHM of several stars in the image. Just type:
cl> imexam (imagename)If you have just displayed an image, you may leave off the (imagename). The cursor will shift over to the image window (and becomes a circle) and you simply move the cursor to the star you wish to measure and type "r" for a radial profile or type "." to get a quick radial profile. The other 2 commands which only print out the values to the window are "a" and ",". The first gives several fits to the star and the second just prints out the measured FWHM. If you forget the possible commands while running imexamine then simply type a "?". The cursor will move into the xterm or xgterm window where a listing of the commands will be shown. After you are done with this help page you must type "q" perhaps several times to return to the image display window and the interactive cursor. Remember to type "q" when you are finished with the image to get back to interactive IRAF again.
Using saoimage
Open an saoimage window by simply typing saoimage in any window. Strictly speaking ti is better to open this window from the xterm or xgterm from which you will run IRAF. This can be run in the background if you follow it with an &. There are two ways of loading an image into the saoimage window. There is a new option under the etc options which allows you to type in the path of the image to be displayed. Also you may use the IRAF display task.
cl> display (imagename) (framenumber) cl> display 098744o.fits 1or
cl> display 098744o.fits 1 fill+Where (imagename) and (framenumber) must be specified, and the latter is the integer frame number (1 through 4). This doesn't really matter in using saoimage since there is only one frame buffer for displaying. The fill+ in the second example tells IRAF to display the whole image in the display window even if the size definition is not set properly. Check the setting of the stdimage parameter in IRAF by typing show stdimage. If it is set to a value smaller than the image which you are trying to display then set it using:
cl> set stdimage=(imtool definition) cl> set stdimage=imt1024A listing of all the possible settings for this parameter are found in Appendix A or by typing gdevices in IRAF. Playing with the transfer function can be done using the Scale and Color options. There is a panner also which will zoom in or out in the Pan options. Once displayed the imexamine task is used to determine the FWHM of several stars in the image. Just type:
cl> imexam (imagename)If you have just displayed an image, you may leave off the (imagename). The cursor will shift over to the image window (and becomes a +) and you simply move the cursor to the star you wish to measure and type "r" for a radial profile or type "." to get a quick radial profile. The other 2 commands which only print out the values to the window are "a" and ",". The first gives several fits to the star and the second just prints out the measured FWHM. If you forget the possible commands while running imexamine then simply type a "?". The cursor will move into the xterm or xgterm window where a listing of the commands will be shown. After you are done with this help page you must type "q" perhaps several times to return to the image display window and the interactive cursor. Remember to type "q" when you are finished with the image to get back to interactive IRAF again.
Using skycat
Bring up the skycat window by typing skycat in an xterm window. If you open skycat from the images directory in use, the pathname for the files directory will beset in the open option under the File menu. This can be run in the background if you follow it with an &. Adjust the window to the size required by moving into one of the gray corners and holding the left mouse button while dragging the cursor to the appropriate size. Bring up a Cut Levels window from the View options. Also bring up the Pick Object window from the View menu. Load an image using the Open option in the File menu. You can play with the transfer function using the Colors and Cut Levels windows from the View menu. Setting the transfer function to one of the Auto Set buttons in the Cut Levels window is the easiest. To get the FWHM, use the Pick Object window first by clicking on the Pick Object button on the bottom of the window. Then drag the cursor to the star you wish to measure. Click the left mouse button when centered on the star and the x and y values will be displayed in the Pick Object window. This can be repeated many times for the stars you wish to measure. If you get a scaling error from skycat then click on the Z button near the top of the window and try measuring the star again. An online help page for skycat is available at: http://archive.eso.org:8080/skycat/ Help pages for all the display windows are available in a binder in the telescope control room.
Reading and writing images from magnetic media is done using the UNIX tar command, or in IRAF wfits, and rfits in the dataio package. Do not write tapes from the instrument control machine since this can clog the acquisition processes. Use one of the other machines, like makani or the remote terminal for mahina to write tapes. It is a good idea to back up data before leaving for bed in the morning or back it up during the night. We do have an automatic backup of data on our system strictly for problems in reading tapes once you return home. This is not to be used as your data source. You may want to make 2 copies of your data before deleting them. Also, use only high grade magnetic media and be aware of manufacturer's warnings in the safe keeping of magnetic media. DO NOT LEAVE TAPES IN HOT PLACES (i.e., rental car in a parking lot at a hotel on the beach) OR DATA WRITTEN MAY BECOME INACCESSIBLE. Backup devices (DATs, DLTs, and exabytes) are available from the OA so ask for as many as you need. You will be asked to sign a form so that the tapes are charged to you.
Using UNIX, you will use either some form of the tar command or savedlt. The UNIX tar command may be used to transport data by first writing FITS files somewhere on disk using wfits unless they are already in this format, and then using tar to write that area to tape. This may be wise if an old version of IRAF is being used at home. The UNIX device name for all the machines is listed in the tables in Appendix A. Most device names are written on the device itself so write it down so that you have the name at your computer terminal. Putting an "n" at the end of the device name means that it will not rewind the tape after performing an operation, so if you are writing more than one file to exabyte, use /dev/rmt/0n for example:
cl> !tar cvf /dev/rmt/0 . #For these you must recall the devicenameor outside IRAF,
cfh12k@mahina/images: tar cvf /dev/rmt/0n .
From within IRAF, you must precede these commands with a "!". The "c" means create a new tar file, "v" means give verbose information, and "f" followed by the device name specifies where the tar file is to be written. The period at the end means that the current directory is to be written as the tar file. NOTE: Do not specify the full path name including the disk name, or they will not be readable at home, instead go into the directory being saved. Read the tape, by changing the "c" to an "x" for extract. List the contents of the tape, by changing the "c" to "t".
Using IRAF, you must allocate the device to your account before using it. You may check the name of the devices on the various computers at CFHT by typing "devices" at the IRAF prompt. Allocate the device inside IRAF by typing (in the xgterm, or xterm window):
cl> allocate mtexb #For the exabyte drive cl> allocate mtdat #For the DAT drive cl> allocate mtdlt #For the DLT driveIf you receive an error message, then try it again and it should say that the device is already allocated to your account. Once the tape drive is allocated to you no other user can access it. The tape drive may be allocated to another user, if it is not being used by this person, notify them that they still have the drive allocated or ask the OA to deallocate it from the other account. The drive may already be allocated to the account, a message will indicate this.
The DLT may be used at several different densities. If you are able to read them at your home institution you may specify the density by allocating the device using:
cl> allocate mtdlthic #For high density cl> allocate mtdltlo #For low densityNow the dataio package is usually loaded automatically. This can be checked by doing an lpar on the task wfits. If you cannot do this, then type "dataio" to load the package. Now you use the following syntax:
cl> epar wfitsAnd edit the parameters to run the task. This is exited by typing ":wq" as with the vi editor. Otherwise you may specify the parameters in the command line to run the task:
cl> wfits (filenames) (output device) (yes/no)where (filenames) is an alias list of image names or an input list, (output device) is the tape unit being used, and (yes/no) is the newtape parameter for the tape. This is used to keep from overwriting existing data on a tape. If newtape is "yes" then the writing begins at the beginning of the tape and anything already on the tape is overwritten. Make sure this parameter is set to "no" if you have data on the tape which you do not want overwritten. Preserve the name of the file by setting the oldirafname parameter to yes.
cl> wfits a*.fits mtdat yesor
cl> wfits @list mtdat new+You may also create a list of file images to be written to the tape which is then accessed by IRAF using an "@" in front of the name of the list. Using "new+" is equivalent to using the "yes". If you would like a listing of your fits tape, you may do this several ways. The rfits command has an option to make_image which may be set to "no", the file will then not be read off the tape and the output from rfits may be redirected to a filename as in:
cl> rfits mtdat "im" 1-999 make- > tapelist &The "&" at the end will place the process in the background and allow inputs to the window. There is an added option in the task called dfits in the ctio package in IRAF. This task will read through a tape and pull out the requested header parameters from each images on the tape and write them to a file. The default file is located at "ctio$src/dfits/format.dat". If you wish to modify this file, simply make a copy in your directory and edit the file using:
cl> cp ctio$src/dfits/format.dat . cl> ed format.dat cl> dfits mtdat 1-999 long- > tapelist &Only those parameters specified in the format file will be read and listed to the window or saved in the specified file unless the long format is requested. If you plan to take a hardcopy of the list with you, it is suggested that you not use the longheader format. It is a major waste of paper if you plan to print it out and would be heavy to carry home.
There are ethernet connections at the summit for those who bring a laptop computer. At Hale Pohaku, the connection host hp8 has the IP address 128.171.71.108. The gateway (router) at HP is 128.171.71.137. The summit connection is host haole9 with IP address 128.171.83.247. The gateway (router) at the summit is 128.171.83.80.
7: Mountain Calling and Paging System
Safety is always a concern on the mountain, and a safety coordinator is always designated on the board as you walk in. The observing assistant (OA) is the safety coordinator at night. All observers must put a name on the board as they enter the summit building in case of emergency so that we know how many people must be gotten out in case of fire or other emergency. Any emergency will be responded to by the OA. To call for assistance in case of emergency, or if the telescope or instrument has a problem tell the OA or use the telephone pager if the OA has stepped out of the control room. To connect, pick up the phone and push the Page button. Just speak into the phone. The message is transmitted through all the phones and speakers located throughout the building. The OA will be the liaison for technical problems with staff members who are on-call.
In case of major medical problem or fire, emergency phone numbers
should also be posted in a prominent place in the control room.
A list of available printers is given in Appendix A in Table 1.
The full list of printers available is accessible by typing
"printers" in UNIX. There are several ways to get hard copies
of text files. Any ASCII-text file can be printed by typing;
There is no designated staff member for IRAF help, however we hope
that observers will find the following useful for simple operations
while at the summit. This section is not intended for performing
complete reductions of data using IRAF.
IRAF is the Image Reduction and Analysis Facility used for data
manipulation. You must be in an xterm or xgterm window to run IRAF.
If you will be displaying images then you should start the display
window of your choice from this window before starting up IRAF (see
Section 4 of this manual).
Some of the instrument sessions have an IRAF subdirectory, you want
to start IRAF from this subdirectory. Simply type cl in the
window. If you get the message "Warning: no login.cl found in login
directory", then you are not in the correct directory for starting
IRAF. Type a logout to exit and check your current directory.
A proper login will include information about the version running,
give a list of devices, and a list of some of the packages in IRAF.
You should get a cl> prompt. You are now ready to start.
9b: Structure and Syntax: eparam and lparam
IRAF is a collection of tasks organized into packages grouped by
their use. Packages are loaded by typing the package name, and typing
package will display the packages currently loaded. Tasks are
run by setting the parameters and typing the task name. The special
parameter sets for tasks called psets are edited by typing the
name of the pset file. List or edit the parameters respectively,
for the task display for example, by typing:
There are many ways in which an image header parameter can be
corrupted, so it is useful to know how to edit the header. This
is done with the hedit task in IRAF. Below is an example
of correcting one of the header parameters. The header has been
shortened to conserve space.
9d: Plotting Tasks: implot, splot and graph
Images may be examined using the task implot in the plot
package. This task plots a 2D image, choosing a central line by
default, with the x axis as columns, and the y axis as intensity in
ad units. The right side shows the lines with tick marks identifying
the line currently displayed, see the title also.
The task splot is mostly used for spectral data by specifying the
dispersion axis, dispaxis and order or line to be examined.
Plotting two column files using the task graph with the defaults
will automatically set the x and y scale for the smallest and largest
values in each dimension. The format and style of the plot may be
changed by choosing other options in the parameter file, including
specifying a title, and axis labels.
All of the interactive graphics tasks have ways of getting help while
in this mode, simply by typing a "?". The help page will appear
on the gterm text window and may be paged to view the whole thing.
Exit help mode by typing q or return.
There are three different ways to get a hard copy of a plot. The first is
using the equal sign key = in interactive mode. This is
equivalent to typing :.snap. If the task is not interactive, use
=gcur to get into the graphics window, then press the equal sign
to get a copy of the plot. Follow several queued snaps with a
:.gflush, to help clear the queue.
Check the printer settings with
9e: Image Statistics: imstatistics and imhistogram
It is a good idea to check the statistics of the bias, flat and sky
flat images before combining them using the tasks in the ccdred
package. Specify the whole image by typing its name, or a region of the
image as shown:
The vi editor is the UNIX editor on the Suns, and is the
default set in the login.cl file when IRAF is entered.
There is an online help page in the ctio package which
lists the most important commands. To get a copy of these pages,
load the ctio package in IRAF, and type:
Typing devices within IRAF gives the following listing, however, I have
added the UNIX names for use of the tar command:
Appendix B: Common Problems and Their Cure
The following are some of the more common problems and some fixes:
Appendix C: Quick Reference for the vi Editor
The main UNIX editor is VI, visual editor. If you are more familiar with
another editor, then use the one you know. To edit a file using vi type:
For emergency response, call 911.
8: Using the Printer at the Summit: lprint and enscript
lprint (filename)
Text can also be piped to lprint, such as printing a
help file for a UNIX command:
man (command) | lprint
or
man tar | lprint
The pipe character `|' sends the output from commands like
man to the input of lprint. Note that lpr
may be used as a short version. This is also done within IRAF using
a similar command, use help (taskname) | lprint.
The UNIX commands for the printers are aliased within IRAF. Look at
the printer queue by executing the UNIX command lpq. The
commands to look at the printer queue and remove files from the
queue are:
lpq (-P[printername])
lprm (-P[printername]) (job number)
or
lpq -Psps
lprm -Psps 812
lpq
The last command in the example uses the default printer
for the machine in use. The default printer is the one closest to
the workstation, named lw; the printer argument is optional.
In addition, each printer is given a physical name, i.e.; makani's
printer is sps. A complete list of printers and their
locations may be found in Appendix~A.
Text files that have longer than standard lines may be printed
on the laser printer using the UNIX command enscript.
Rotate, r the output by 90 degrees on the page with a
gaudy appearance (G) using;
enscript -rG -Plw3 filename
For a file with short lines, compact the output by printing
two pages on one sheet of paper, using the -r2 option.
This prints the 2 pages side by side on the page. If you require
paper please ask the OA for assistance. We ask that you not abuse
the privilege by printing out lengthly documents.
cl> lparam display
cl> eparam display
Editing invokes a modified version of the vi editor in a list
of the parameters. Change a parameter by moving the cursor to the
parameter line and typing in the new value followed by a carriage
return, CR. Other possible commands are:
Typing "^u ^l", not simultaneously but one after the other, sends
the cursor to the parameter at the line specified in the parameter list and
allows you to edit it. This uses the vi editor and the left and
right arrow keys allow you to move to just before the character you wish
to change. Using the delete key will erase the character to the left of the
cursor and you may now type its replacement. It is possible that you will
have to use the "shift" with the "delete" key to erase
unwanted characters depending on the keyboard emulator mapping. More
information about the vi editor is found in section 10 and
appendix C.
cl> imhead 551785d08.fits l+ | page
551785d08.fits[512,512][short]: m51 B 600s
No bad pixels, no histogram, min=unknown, max=unknown
Line storage mode, physdim [512,512], length of user area 1540 s.u.
Created Fri 16:24:33 15-Jan-93, Last modified Fri 16:24:33 15-Jan-93
Pixel file "551785d08.fits" [ok]
'KPNO-IRAF' /
'08-04-92' /
UT = '88:88:88.00' / UNIVERSAL TIME
cl> hedit 551785d08.fits UT "9:27:27.00" add+ update+
551785d08.fits,UT (88:88:88.00 -> 9:27:27.00): CR
551785d08.fits,UT: 88:88:88.00 -> 9:27:27.00
update 551785d08.fits? (yes):
551785d08.fits updated
cl> imhead 551785d08.fits l+ | page
551785d08.fits[512,512][short]: m51 B 600s
No bad pixels, no histogram, min=unknown, max=unknown
Line storage mode, physdim [512,512], length of user area 1540 s.u.
Created Fri 16:24:33 15-Jan-93, Last modified Fri 16:24:33 15-Jan-93
Pixel file "551785d08.fits" [ok]
'KPNO-IRAF' /
'08-04-92' /
UT = ' 9:27:27.00' / UNIVERSAL TIME
Other tasks which may be useful are those which automatically recalculate the
airmass and UT for the middle of the exposure, setairmass. This task
will not only read the old values from the header but add the specified header
words and values to the header.
cl> implot 551785.fits
cl> implot 551785d08.fits
Interactively there are many options:
There are also a number of colon commands which perform the same task
as the single keystrokes above such as :l 350 or :c 350 400
to plot line 350 or average columns 350 to 400.
cl> splot 098744o.fits
There are a semi-infinite number of things which
splot can do such that not all of them can be discussed here.
Arithmetic mode must be exited by typing "q".
cl> graph magtable
Other tasks in the plot package plot histograms of the pixel
values in an image, plot the radial profile of a star, plot rows
or columns, plot a random vector specified by the beginning and ending
point for the vector in the image coordinates, or makes a surface plot
of an image.
cl> show printer
cl> show stdplot
If you wish to send output to a printer other than the default use:
cl> set printer=ljps
cl> set stdplot=ljps
to send output to the Waimea printer. This is especially useful if a
staff member downtown must see something in an image. Logging off
the computer will not save any IRAF variables that were changed,
only modifying the loginuser.cl file will save these changes.
cl> imstat 098744o.fits
cl> imstat 098744o[200:300,350:450]
cl> imstat 098744o08[200:300,350:450]
The last of these specifies only CCD08 in the cfh12k mosaic.
The result is a scroll listing of the images matching the template
of the number of pixels, the mean, the standard deviation, minimum pixel
value and the maximum pixel value. For a list of calibration frames of the
same type these numbers should be very close.
The non-interactive task imhistogram uses the graph plane of the
gterm window to plot a histogram of the pixel values specified in the
image parameter.
cl> imhist 098744o[200:300,350:450]
cl> help editor | lpr
This will queue a copy of the help page to the laser
printer. Also check out appendix C for a quick help page of the
vi editor. The ctio package must be loaded to access this
help page.
Another editor Emacs is available for those who know it and
wish to use it. To change the editor setting, set it at login time
within IRAF by typing, "set editor=emacs". Otherwise, change
this parameter setting in the loginuser.cl file in the home
directory of the account. The GNU Emacs text editor is invoked
in the usual way, i.e., emacs foo.txt. Getting out is more
complicated and is left as an exercise to the user. By default,
Emacs will come up with the generic control and meta commands.
To activate the commonly used Sun keyboard specific features (e.g.,
arrow keys, Home, End), create an .emacs
file in the root directory which contains the following line:
(setq sun-esc-bracket t)
A more extensive .emacs file might contain the
following:
(setq-default case-fold-search nil)
In order, these commands: make string searches case sensitive;
make Text the default mode for all new buffers; turn on auto fill;
set the fill column to 72; and map certain Sun keyboard
functions to use full Emacs functions (e.g. the last line activates
the arrow keys).
GNU Emacs documentation is not currently available on the mountain.
(setq default-major-mode 'text-mode)
(setq text-mode-hook '(lambda () (auto-fill-mode 1)))
(setq fill-column 72)
(setq sun-esc-bracket t)
TABLE 1
***********************************************************
Printers
========
location printer name
========= =============
Computer room Waimea wps, wpsdx, wpst3
Computer room Waimea tek550
Room 73 Waimea ljps, ljpsdx, ljpst3
Room 73 Waimea hpcolor
Summit Remote Observing Room sps
***********************************************************
The dx extension is for 2-sided printing. The t3 is for legal 11"x17" size paper.
TABLE 2
*****************************************************************************
DEVICES (MAR99) CFHT DEVICES (MAR99)
IRAF V2.11 accessible tape drives at CFHT
=========================================
machine location device iraf device comments unix
======= ======== ======== =========== ===================== ===========
kuanalu waimea dat mtdat /dev/rmt/1
kuanalu waimea exabyte mtexb /dev/rmt/0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
hoku waimea dlt mtdlt also mtdlthic, mtdltlo, ... /dev/rmt/0
hoku waimea exabyte mtexb /dev/rmt/1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
makani summit dlt mtdlt also mtdlthic, mtdltlo, ... /dev/rmt/2
makani summit exabyte mtexb /dev/rmt/1
makani summit dat mtdat /dev/rmt/0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mahina summit dlt mtdlt also mtdlthic, mtdltlo, ... /dev/rmt/1
mahina summit exabyte mtexb /dev/rmt/0
mahina summit dat mtdat /dev/rmt/2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
halepohaku no drives available
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*****************************************************************************
One device on neptune is missing from the list. It is a DAT drive named /dev/rmt/0.
Typing gdevices within IRAF gives the following listing:
TABLE 3
*****************************************************************************
Graphic Device Definitions for IRAF
*****************************************************************************
# ALIASES NX NY DESCRIPTION
imt30 imtth1 408 608 TH1 CCD detector format
imt31 imtrca1 326 526 RCA1 CCD detector format
imt32 imtrca2 680 1056 RCA2 CCD detector format
imt33 imtfull 680 680 Full Sun Screen
imt34 imtrca4 680 1024 RCA4 detector detector form
imt35 imtphx 540 540 PHX1 detector detector form
imt36 imtdao 4096 200 DAO CCD detector format
imtx 512 512 Imtool display server
imt1 imt512 imtool 512 512 Imtool display server
imt2 imt800 800 800
imt3 imt1024 1024 1024
imt4 imt1600 1600 1600
imt5 imt2048 2048 2048
imt6 imt4096 4096 4096
imt7 imt4x1 4096 1024
imt8 imt1x4 1024 4096
imt9 imtfs 1144 880 Full screen, landscape mode
imt10 imtfs35 imtmatrix 1144 764 full screen at 35mm film as
imt11 imt128 128 128
imt12 imt256 256 256
imt13 imttall128 128 1056 tall and narrow for spectro
imt14 imttall256 256 1056 tall and wider for spectros
imt15 imtwide128 1056 128 wide and thin for spectrosc
imt16 imtwide256 1056 256 wide and fatter for spectro
imt17 imtssy 1008 648
imt18 imtssn 1024 680
imt20 imtgec 388 576 GEC CCD detector format
imt21 imtkpca 3040 976 KPCA CCD detector format
imt22 imt2df1 imt2df1x1 128 1520 2D-Frutti detector format
imt23 imt2df2 imt2df2x1 256 1520 2D-Frutti detector format
imt24 imt2df5 imt2df5x1 512 1520 2D-Frutti detector format
imt25 imt2df9 imt2df9x1 960 1520 2D-Frutti detector format
imt26 imtcryo 1232 400 Cryogenic camera
imt27 imtgcam 3104 348 Gold camera - Ford
imt28 imt2df9x3 976 3040 2D-Frutti detector format
imt29 imtgw 800 256 GONG Cache Monitor
imt30 imtgl imtgong 408 608 GONG Cache Monitor
imt31 imtret 326 526 Reticon detector format
imt32 imtti imtti2 imtti3
imtti4 imtti5 680 1056 KPNO TI 800x800
imt33 imtt5ha 680 680 KPNO Tek 512x512
imt34 imtt1ka 680 1024 KPNO Tek 1K
imt35 imts2ka imtt2ka imtt2kb 540 540 KPNO Tek or STIS 2K
imt36 imtf3ka imtfo3k 4096 200 KPNO Ford 3072x1024
imt37 imtf1ka 1232 800 KPNO Ford (Loral) 1200x800
*****************************************************************************
The following list of error messages are frequently encountered in IRAF however
are not very useful. Sometimes getting the correct interpretation of the message
needs creativity. Here are some hints:
error recursion....
cl dies: This means that the {\it cl} crashed and the {\it cl} must
be started up again. The cause of this varies.
cl> edit [filename]
cl> vi [filename]
If you are forced to use vi without knowing anything about it, here are
a few basic commands which should allow you to do most things. The commands
will not be echoed, and in any of the insert modes (where an ESC is used
to terminate it), a "delete" will backspace but will not erase even though
it has deleted the letters. Remember also that vi is very case sensitive.
j - cursor down
k - cursor up
h - cursor left
l - cursor right
#G - move cursor to line #
G - move cursor to last line
0 - move cursors to beginning of current line
$ - move cursor to end of current line
dd - delete current line
dw - delete from cursor to next word
d) - delete to the end of the sentence
d} - delete to the end of the paragraph
#dd - delete # of lines starting at current line
u - undelete last command
U - undelete all changes to current line
x - delete character under the cursor
r - replace character under the cursor with the next letter typed
/word - search forward for the first occurence of the word
?word - search backwards from cursor for word
n - next occurance of word searched for using / or ?
^L - rewrite the screen
The following insert modes are terminated by ESC:
i - insert before the cursor
a - insert after the cursor
R - write over text beginning at the cursor
o - open a line following the current line
O - open a line before the current line
The following commands are viewed at the bottom of the screen after a ':'
:w - write the text to the file
:q - quit the editor, without saving changes
:q! - emphatic quit, use when :q fails
:wq - write the text to the file and quit
:1,$s/old/new - substitute new for first occurance of old in lines 1-$,
where 1,$ is all lines
:1,10s/old/new/g - globally substitute new for old in lines 1-10
:10,20w file2 - write lines 10-20 to filename file2
:1,5w >> file2 - append lines 1-5 to file2
To do more substantial cut and paste work, use the following commands:
yy - yank a copy of the current line (copied into buffer)
#yy - yank a copy of the next # lines from cursor position
p - put the last item yanked or deleted after the cursor
P - put the last item yanked or deleted before the cursor
If you get lost using this editor, just type ESC several times to get out
of insert modes you might be in and type :q!. This will get you out of
the editor and will not save any changes to the file you are working on. If
you need help, just ask someone on the staff.
Comments on this document are welcome.
Lisa Wells
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation, 2000
E-mail: lwells@cfht.hawaii.edu