The initial colonization
With intense rains on the east side of the Big Island, new lava fields (this one is a few decades old) are quickly colonized by vegetation. This fern lives thanks to a contribution from several previous generations.
Volcano Park - Big Island
Photograph by Jean-Charles Cuillandre (CFHT),
Copyright
© 1995
Comments and requests to Jean-Charles Cuillandre
[jcc@cfht.hawaii.edu]